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NEW QUESTION 93
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the ___ now called the International Date Line.
- A. Imaginary line parallel to the equator
- B. area
- C. imaginary circle passing through the poles
- D. land mass
- E. answer not found in article
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 94
If x < y, which of the following must be true?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 95
Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40.000 and
25.000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40.000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastline, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present
25.000 years ago. the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.
The author of the passage notes Australia's "smaller land area" in order to
- A. help explain a difference between Australia and the United States in the number of habitation sites from between 40.000 and 25.000 years ago
- B. emphasize a difference between Australia and the United States in population density
- C. suggest that the number of habitation sites from between 40.000 and 25.000 years ago that have been found in Australia is somewhat surprising
- D. indicate that Australia is not exactly comparable to the United States in size
- E. help show why the absence of habitation sites from between 40.000 and 25.000 years ago in what is now the United States is problematic
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 96
la 1994. if 20 percent of the first-year students who look the placement exam received a score of 85 or higher, approximately what percent of all first-year students received a score of S5 or higher on the placement exam that year?
- A. 30%
- B. 4.5%
- C. 9%
- D. 18%
- E. 22%
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 97
The _______ that computers are _______ educational tools has led many parents to believe that children don't need to be monitored when using the computer, as they do when watching television.
- A. argument . . effective
- B. belief . . sophisticated
- C. misconception . . benign
- D. myth . . inimical
- E. hypothesis . . powerful
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The missing words should suggest a belief about computers that would lead parents to let their children use the devices without being watched. Only choice B works, because only benign (harmless) is sufficiently positive to suggest that idea.
NEW QUESTION 98
Like paleontologists who interpret timescales from fossil evidence, we infer the history of star formation in the Milks' Way galaxy from the heavy-element composition of its stars. According to the big bang theory of the origin of the universe, the first gas clouds-and the first generation of stars formed from them-were composed of pure hydrogen and helium; most heavier elements- iron and calcium, for example-came later, created by explosions of supernovas, massive stars in their death thaws. Loaded with heavy elements, material ejected from supernovas enriched the interstellar gas clouds from which the next generation of stars formed, the level of heavy elements increasing with succeeding generations. Because most stars live for many billions of years and because the Milky Way is thus composed of multiple stellar generations, comparing the number of stars of low heavy-element abundance with those of high heavy-element abundance enables astronomers to untangle the history of star formation in the Milky Way.
Replacement of the word "enriched" with which of the following words results in the least change in meaning for the passage?
- A. improved
- B. refined
- C. briehtened
- D. heightened
- E. altered
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 99
The origin of the attempt to distinguish early from modern music and to establish the canons of performance practice for each lies in the eighteenth century. In the first half of that century, when Telemann and Bach ran the collegium musicum in Leipzig, Germany, they performed their own and other modern music. In the German universities of the early twentieth century, however, the reconstituted collegium musicum devoted itself to performing music from the centuries before the beginning of the
"standard repertory," by which was understood music from before the time of Bach and Handel. Alongside this modern collegium musicum, German musicologists developed the historical sub-discipline known as
"performance practice," which included the deciphering of obsolete musical notation and its transcription into modern notation, the study of obsolete instruments, and the re-establishment of lost oral traditions associated with those forgotten repertories. The cutoff date for this study was understood to be around
1750, the year of Bach's death, since the music of Bach, Handel, Telemann and their contemporaries did call for obsolete instruments and voices and unannotated performing traditions - for instance, the spontaneous realization of vocal and instrumental melodic ornamentation. Furthermore, with a few exceptions, late baroque music had ceased to be performed for nearly a century, and the orally transmitted performing traditions associated with it were forgotten as a result. In contrast, the notation in the music of Haydn and Mozart from the second half of the eighteenth century was more complete than in the earlier styles, and the instruments seemed familiar, so no "special" knowledge appeared necessary. Also, the music of Haydn and Mozart, having never ceased to be performed, had maintained some kind of oral tradition of performance practice. Beginning around 1960, however, early-music performers began to encroach upon the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Why? Scholars studying performance practice had discovered that the living oral traditions associated with the Viennese classics frequently could not be traced to the eighteenth century and that there were nearly as many performance mysteries to solve for music after 1750 as for earlier repertories. Furthermore, more and more young singers and instrumentalists became attracted to early music, and as many of them graduated from student- amateur to professional status, the technical level of early-music performances took a giant leap forward. As professional early-music groups, building on these developments, expanded their repertories to include later music, the mainstream protested vehemently. The differences between the two camps extended beyond the question of which instruments to use to the more critical matter of style and delivery. At the heart of their disagreement is whether historical knowledge about performing traditions is a prerequisite for proper interpretation of music or whether it merely creates an obstacle to inspired musical tradition.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best support the author's explanation for the encroachment by the early-musicians upon the music of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven?
- A. Most instrumentalists are attracted to early music because of the opportunities to play obsolete instruments.
- B. The music of these composers is notated more completely than is the music of Bach and Handel.
- C. The early-musicians and the mainstream both prefer the same style and delivery of music.
- D. Unannotated performing traditions associated with these composers were distinct from those associated with pre-1750 works.
- E. The mainstream approved of the manner in which the early-musicians treated the music of Bach and Handel.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
According to the passage, one reason for the encroachment was that some of the oral traditions associated with the Viennese classics (the works of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven) could not be traced back to the eighteenth century. Choice A.supports this point by providing specific evidence that this was indeed the case.
NEW QUESTION 100
GIGANTIC : SIZE
- A. heartrending : humor
- B. despondent : cheerfulness
- C. bankrupt : money
- D. marginal : volume
- E. substantial : mass
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 101
In the 1970s, the idea of building so called "New Towns" to absorb growth was considered a potential cure- all for urban problems in the United States. It was assumed that by diverting residents from existing centers, current urban problems would at least get no worse. It was also assumed that, since European New Towns had been financially and socially successful, the same could be expected in the United States.
In the end, these ill-considered projects actually weakened U.S. cities further by drawing away high- income citizens. While industry and commerce sought in turn to escape, the lower-income groups left behind were unable to provide the necessary tax base to support the cities. Not surprisingly, development occurred in areas where land was cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns were genuinely needed. Moreover, the failure on the part of planners and federal legislators to consider social needs resulted not in the sort of successful New Towns seen in Britain but in nothing more than sprawling suburbs.
Which of the following phenomena is most closely analogous to the New Towns established in the United States?
- A. A new computer program that attempts to solve one software problem but that creates another
- B. A new drug that is never approved for legal sale because of its severe side effects
- C. A business that fails as a result of insufficient demand for its products or services
- D. A new game that fails to attain widespread popularity because its rules are unfair
- E. A scientific theory that lacks supporting empirical evidence
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
According to the first sentence of the passage, New Towns were originally conceptualized as a way to absorb growth. Based on other information in the passage, it appears that New Towns in the United States achieved this objective - at least to some extent - since city residents who could afford to move away from urban centers did so. At the same time, however, the cities were left with new problems, such as an insufficient tax base to support themselves and to retain businesses. Thus, like a computer program that attempts to solve one software problem but creates another, New Towns were a new innovation that served to solve one problem but created another along the way.
NEW QUESTION 102
CURSIVE:
- A. disjointed
- B. unadorned
- C. spoken
- D. clumsy
- E. straight
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
CURSIVE refers to a flowing, continuous style of printing or writing. Disjointed means "disconnected or separated."
NEW QUESTION 103
SODDEN:
- A. buoyant
- B. porous
- C. parched
- D. laden
- E. billowy
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
SODDEN means "soaked or drenched"; parched means "dried out with heat" and is the best antonym among the five choices.
NEW QUESTION 104
Mark Twain and Garrison Keillor were both born and bred in Midwestern America; yet the themes, writing styles, and attitudes of these two humorists are _______.
- A. nearly identical
- B. widely admired
- C. quite remarkable
- D. essentially timeless
- E. distinctly different
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The word "yet," which begins the sentence's second clause, tells you to look for a contrast between the twoparts of the sentence. The missing word must suggest a difference between the two writers rather than another similarity. Of the five choices, only distinctly different serves this purpose.
NEW QUESTION 105 
- A. Quantity B is greater.
- B. The two quantities are equal.
- C. Quantity A is greater.
- D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 106
When positive integer m is divided by 6. the remainder is 4. When positive integer p is divided by 6. the remainder is 5. What is the remainder when the product mp is divided by 6 ?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 107
The total weight of m bricks, all of which are equal in weight, is n pounds.
- A. The quantities are equal;
- B. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- C. The quantity in Column A is greater;
- D. The quantity in Column B is greater;
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
It is entirely possible that m=n (for example, in the case of 5 bricks weighing 1 pound each). If so, then
,and Quantity A = Quantity B However, if the total number of bricks differs from the total pound
weight (for example, in the case of 5 bricks weighing 2 pounds each), then and Quantity A Quantity B.
NEW QUESTION 108
The manufacturing cost of the item that takes the most time to manufacture is approximately what percent greater than the cost of the item that takes the least time to manufacture?
- A. 75%
- B. 100H
- C. 200%
- D. 10%
- E. 50%
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 109
The amount of bone in the elderly skeleton - a key determinant in its susceptibility to fractures - is believed to be a function of two major factors. The first is the peak amount of bone mass attained, determined to a large extent by genetic inheritance. The marked effect of gender is obvious: Elderly men experience only one-half as many hip fractures per capita as elderly women. But also, African- American women have a lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures than Caucasian women. Other important variables include diet, exposure to sunlight, and physical activity. The second major factor is the rate of bone loss after peak bone mass has been attained. While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status, however, reflected primarily by estrogen and progesterone levels, that may exert the greatest effect on rates of decline in skeletal mass.
It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
- A. is not dependent upon genetic makeup
- B. may be a factor in the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels
- C. is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation
- D. is determined primarily by diet
- E. depends partly upon hormonal status
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The author lists various factors affecting peak bone mass, then asserts that many of these factors also affect the rate of bone loss. In mentioning pregnancy and lactation as "additional factors" affecting bone loss, the author implies that these two factors do not affect peak bone mass.
NEW QUESTION 110 
- A. Quantity B is greater.
- B. The two quantities are equal.
- C. Quantity A is greater.
- D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 111
Whatever the level of the museum's past (i)_________American art. it pales beside its current (ii)_________.
Since
opening its renovated and expanded building, the museum has relegated American paintings to hard-to-find comers of the museum. It is as if American art is < iii >_________the overwhelmingly European narrative that dominates the permanent collection galleries.
- A. enthusiasm for
- B. neglect of
- C. disdain
- D. fundamental to
- E. craze
- F. advocacy of
- G. excluded from
- H. privileged over
- I. support
Answer: A,C,D
NEW QUESTION 112
It is often said that those most firmly committed to an idea are also most critical of it. Yet, could anyone honestly defend this (i)_______? Consider, for instance, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B Anthony, who in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the women's rights movement through their fervent advocacy. Would it not be (ii)_______ that Stanton and Anthony were at the same time highly (iii)_______ of the notion that women deserve equal rights under the law?
- A. tautological to claim
- B. age-old aphorism
- C. enamored
- D. ill-conceived contrivance
- E. patently absurd to aver
- F. supportive
- G. suspicious
- H. oft-touted ideology
- I. audacious to insist
Answer: B,F,H
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The first sentence describes an aphorism, which means "a well-known saying or adage." Thus, the phrase age-old aphorism fits nicely in blank (i). The idea of the passage as a whole is that the "adage" mentioned in the first sentence is historically indefensible. To support this idea, the author seeks to point out that it would be completely and obviously wrong - in other words, patently absurd to aver (assert) that America's women's rights pioneers could possibly be critical of - or suspicious of - the idea that women deserve equal rights.
NEW QUESTION 113
For absolute dating of archeological artifacts, the radiocarbon method emerged during the latter half of the twentieth century as the most reliable and precise method. The results of obsidian (volcanic glass) dating, a method based on the belief that newly exposed obsidian surfaces absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere at a constant rate, proved uneven. It was initially thought that the thickness of the hydration layer would provide a means of calculating the time elapsed since the fresh surface was made. But this method failed to account for the chemical variability in the physical and chemical mechanism of obsidian hydration. Moreover, each geographic source presented unique chemical characteristics, necessitating a trace element analysis for each such source. Yet despite its limitations, obsidian dating helped archeologists identify the sources of many obsidian artifacts, and to identify in turn ancient exchange networks for the flow of goods. Nor were ceramic studies and fluoride analysis supplanted entirely by the radiocarbon method, which in use allows for field labeling and laboratory errors, as well as sample contamination. In addition, in the 1970s, dendrochronological (tree-ring) studies on the bristle cone pine showed that deviation from radiocarbon values increases as one moves back in time. Eventually calibration curves were developed to account for this phenomenon; but in the archeological literature we still find dual references to radiocarbon and sidereal, or calendar, time.
The author mentions all of the following as problems with radiocarbon dating EXCEPT for
- A. identification errors by archeological field workers
- B. disparities with the calendar dating system
- C. deterioration of samples
- D. contamination of artifacts
- E. mistakes by laboratory workers
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In the second paragraph, the author mentions choices (A), (C), (D), and E as problems with radiocarbon dating. Nowhere in the passage, however, does the author mention any problem involving sample deterioration
NEW QUESTION 114
A law has been proposed requiring the cargo boxes of trucks carrying gravel to be covered by a tarpaulin, because vehicles driving close behind open-topped gravel trucks can be damaged by gravel (lying off these trucks. The law is unlikely to substantially reduce such damage, however: flying gravel is much less likely to come from the cargo box itself than from the grooves of the tires, in which gravel can become wedged during loading.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the argument given?
- A. Because of the great weight of a load of gravel, the driver of a gravel truck is often driving much more slowly than most of the other vehicles on the road.
- B. The drivers of vehicles behind a gravel truck are more likely to remain close behind the truck if the truck's cargo box is covered than if it is uncovered.
- C. The proposed law allows open-topped trucks on the highway to haw uncovered cargo boxes whenever their cargo boxes are empty.
- D. Most trucks that carry gravel already carry tarpaulins that their drivers use to cover the cargo box when they are carrying sand, which can blow out of the cargo box in significant quantities.
- E. Of all the damage that occurs to vehicles on the highway, debris that flies oft* tracks is the cause of only a very small fraction.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 115 
Which of the following is equivalent to for all values of x for which both expressions are defined?
- A. Option D
- B. Option A
- C. Option E
- D. Option C
- E. Option B
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 116
The town's air was consistently________ depending on the breeze, one might be greeted with the sour effluvia of twenty breweries, choking fumes from the coal tar factory, or brackish smells from the nearby river.
- A. noisome
- B. anodyne
- C. malodorous
- D. toxic
- E. redolent
- F. benign
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION 117
Always read the meter dials from the right to the left. This procedure is much easier, especially if any of the dial hands are near the zero mark. If the meter has two dials, and one is smaller than the other, it is not imperative to read the smaller dial since it only registers a small amount. Read the dial at the right first. As the dial turns clockwise, always record the figure the pointer has just passed. Read the next dial to the left and record the figure it has just passed. Continue recording the figures on the dials from right to left. When finished, mark off the number of units recorded. Dials on water and gas meters usually indicate the amount each dial records.
These instructions show you how to ...
- A. be prepared for outside employment
- B. repair a water meter
- C. read a meter
- D. install a gas meter
- E. turn the dials of a meter
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 118
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